Cubase really needs scale degree transposition

Pre-requisite:

In the Key Editor set up the correct scale with the correct root note.
Enable the pitch filter (upper left corner on the screenshot)

To create a harmony:

  1. select the desired note events
  2. copy them to above or below the original events
    For a harmony of the third degree copy the notes two pitches above the original ones.

Done.
This is an alternative method to the one from @kamedin, which might work better if you are working the Key Editor already.