Backward compatebility is somewhat broken because of the 2gb file limit steinberg fixed since C13.0.30, this is a known fact https://helpcenter.steinberg.de/hc/en-us/articles/31885407408018-Cubase-Nuendo-Invalid-project-after-saving
Because of a question by another user, I got curious and I did some testing and it is quite complicated, but I am 100% sure I got it right. All projects started in C13 will open in lower cubase like C12 or C11. All projects started with the create empty project from the hub from C14 and C15 will not open in C12 and lower. All projects started in C14 or C15 from a named template (that I tested and I did not test all templates of course) do open in C12 and lower. So these templates are started in C13 or lower and therefore still open in C12 and lower.
So if you want to be able to use your project in C12 or lower, never start a project from the empty project command in C15 or C14. For safety you could save an empty C12 or C13 project and drag it to the template folder in C:\Users\your username\AppData\Roaming\Steinberg\Cubase 15_64\Project Templates or C:\Program Files\Steinberg\Cubase 15\Project Templates\Cubase Pro
If this is widely know, ignore my post,
Cheers