I just wanted to change the timesigniture from 8/8 zu 9/8, but the program just changed the numbers, but there are still only 8/8 in the bar itself and there are suddenly two bars with the same number (added a picture). Somehow this problem connetcts to the doublebar line which stands over ten bars later. This problem occured to me two times before, but I could fix it with deleting the wrong bar and startet after the doublebar again. At this point I am a littlebit annoyed, because I can’t find a way around this problem without deleting most of my work.
When you change a time signature, Dorico will not add any extra musical time. It will only redistribute the time (up until the next time signature) into new bar lengths.
In your case, you tried to add a 9/8, but there was only room to create an 9/8 bar with 8 quavers, so Dorico created a 9/8 pickup bar (which is also why it kept the bar number of the previous bar).
The solution is use Insert Mode, as suggested, so Dorico will pad any incomplete bar.