The first key change I made is clear: a double line, the new B flat key’s symbol, then a begin repeat barline. When I switch back to the original key, F, near the end of the last bar of the repeat section, the key’s symbol is so subtle that it could easily be ignored by the players. How can I make the “change back to F” symbol more obvious? Here’s a screen shot.
I wouldn’t change key in the middle of the bar for exactly this reason. Even if the harmonic change actually occurs mid-bar, I’d use accidentals up to that point.
In fact, Gould states “Change key after a barline” (p. 92).
As benwigggy and Gould say, it is clearer to change key signature at a bar line. However, there are examples of mid-measure key signature changes. Several are given here:
Thanks for the examples of mid-measure key signature changes. Hereʻs my middle-of-the-night idea, which in this circumstance seems clear and appropriate:
IMO, that’s about the least obvious and/or conspicuous spot you could ever put a key change, and you’re thorougly overthinking this. Just put it on the barline at D. The 1st/2nd ending also changes the music, compared to your previous posts but maybe that part is intentional.