One thing that seems to be happening is that the first frame in Der Bräutigam is less full than the first frame in Minnelied. In particular, the frame in Der Bräutigam is under the threshold set in Layout Options > Vertical Spacing > Vertical Justification:
You can check the frame fullness by switching to Engrave mode and looking at the box in the lower left corner of each frame. The fact that your frames in Minnelied are over this threshold is what is making them space out to fill the whole frame.
As to why Dorico tried to put two system on p.2 in Der Bräutigam, when really only one fits there, there is a known issue with a kind of circular reasoning that can occur when Dorico tries to determine how much to put on the page.
It doesn’t happen often, but when it does one solution is simply to put a frame break on the second system on p.2, which will force that on onto the next page.
