One of the main problems seems to be that my Device Setup only allows for a 48,000 kHz setting. (See attachment) I configured my Generic ASIO to this setting to see if it would work, but still no luck. I think the main thing is to find out why Dorico is not allowing 44,100 setting.
I’m not an expert here because my sound seems to work reliably, but what I can say is that my Device Setup looks very similar to yours and I have perfect sound.
44.1 or 48kHz shall not matter. Even if there is only 48kHz in the list, sound shall get through. What if you click on the “Device Control Panel” button in the Device Setup dialog. A new little window shall open. What is the list of “Output ports” saying? Maybe you could post another screenshot.
Alternatively, you could create a new piano project with just a handful of arbitrary notes, save it and post it here (zip up before posting, otherwise you can’t attach). From the project data I might be able to tell what is wrong.