I have had the same problem with Cubase Pro 11 and your solution worked just as fine there. Thanks! 
cubase 14 users go by.
I also encountered the problem that the metronome sound disappeared suddenly one day.
I usually close the right panel. If I hadn’t seen this reply, I really wouldn’t have known that there are metronome controller that can be adjusted here…
There is a visual metronome on the lower right, but it is not adjusted from this metronome. It is too unintuitive.
There is a visual metronome in the lower right corner, but cannot be adjusted from that metronome. It’s so weird.