They should be located right where you listed in your initial post.
Mine are under ~/Library/Preferences/Cubase 12/etc/etc, was just messing with the script for my Blofeld adding some new banks to it yesterday.
The tilde means its in your user account Library, not the one in the root or the one in the /System folder. Its in your own accounts Library folder. If your username on your Mac for example is ‘GearNostalgia’ it will be in /Users/GearNostalgia/Library/Preferences/Cubase##/